Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. [18] The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. À propos de la notice. [78][79] The real culprit was Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who had helped construct the painting's glass case. Histoire des arts : Léonard de Vinci/La Joconde La Joconde – Léonard de Vinci ( 1503 – 1506 ) Artiste : La Joconde a été réalisée par Léonard De Vinci entre 1503 et 1506. Il est connu en partie pour son sourire énigmatique. [14], In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. Joconde is the central database created in 1975 and now available online, maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, for objects in the collections of the main French public and private museums listed as Musées de France, according to article L. 441-1 of the Code du patrimoine amouting to more than 1,200 institutions. The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. Originally just for objects from the fine arts and decorative arts, in 2004 Joconde was united with what had been separate databases for objects from archeology and ethnology. [73] In 1797, it went on permanent display at the Louvre. He also found that in one layer the subject was depicted wearing numerous hairpins and a headdress adorned with pearls which was later scrubbed out and overpainted. This flexible frame, which is used in addition to the decorative frame described below, exerts pressure on the panel to keep it from warping further. Duchamp added an inscription, which when read out loud in French sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" meaning: "she has a hot ass", implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and intended as a Freudian joke. The database is not only dedicated to the information of the public but as well to the needs of the administrators and curators of the museums, thanks to the online presentation of professional tools to facilitate notably the museums collections cataloguing and state inventory (récolement). L'attribution du dessin à l'entourage de Léonard de Vinci se fonde à l'origine sur le témoignage d'Antonio de Beatis, secrétaire du cardinal Louis d'Aragon. Her gaze is fixed on the observer. ", "In Louvre, New Room With View of 'Mona Lisa, "A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects", "Another art anniversary: Mona Lisa comes to New York! [6] The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression,[7] the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism. [68] A number of experts have argued that Leonardo made two versions (because of the uncertainty concerning its dating and commissioner, as well as its fate following Leonardo's death in 1519, and the difference of details in Raphael's sketch—which may be explained by the possibility that he made the sketch from memory). Salvador Dalí, famous for his surrealist work, painted Self portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954. [40], Research in 2008 by a geomorphology professor at Urbino University and an artist-photographer revealed likenesses of Mona Lisa's landscapes to some views in the Montefeltro region in the Italian provinces of Pesaro and Urbino, and Rimini. La Joconde, la plus célèbre oeuvre de Léonard de Vinci Léonard de Vinci (1452 – 1519) commence ce portrait de Mona Lisa à son retour à Florence peu après la chute de la famille Sforza à Milan, ses anciens protecteurs. [104] As of 2019, about 10.2 million people view the painting at the Louvre each year. In recent decades, the painting has been temporarily moved to accommodate renovations to the Louvre on three occasions: between 1992 and 1995, from 2001 to 2005, and again in 2019. Date acquisition. [92][71] The underlying portrait appears to be of a model looking to the side, and lacks flanking columns,[94] but does not fit with historical descriptions of the painting. [136], The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. [75], In 1911, the painting was still not popular among the lay-public. Léonard de Vinci, Entre 1503 et 1506 Huile sur panneau de bois de peuplier 77 × 53 cm Musée du Louvre, Paris La Joconde (ou Portrait de Mona Lisa) est un tableau de Léonard de Vinci, réalisé entre 1503 et 1506 d'une femme qui s'appelait à l'époque Mona Lisa del Giocondo.Huile sur [45] Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506",[8] art historian Martin Kemp says that there are some difficulties in confirming the dates with certainty. Rennes ; musée des beaux-arts. [34][35] In 2007, French engineer Pascal Cotte announced that his ultra-high resolution scans of the painting provide evidence that Mona Lisa was originally painted with eyelashes and with visible eyebrows, but that these had gradually disappeared over time, perhaps as a result of overcleaning. Before that discovery, scholars had developed several alternative views as to the subject of the painting. La Joconde revisitée par l'artiste MADSAKI, proche de Takashi Murakami: Une œuvre iconique modernisée. Localisation. A small number of the best known objects have a prose commentary. [57][56][69][70] Others believe that there was only one true Mona Lisa, but are divided as to the two aforementioned fates. [102] Since 2005 the painting has been illuminated by an LED lamp, and in 2013 a new 20 watt LED lamp was installed, specially designed for this painting. Walter Pater's famous essay of 1869 described the sitter as "older than the rocks among which she sits; like the vampire, she has been dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave; and has been a diver in the deep seas, and keeps their fallen day about her. Apollinaire implicated his friend Pablo Picasso, who was brought in for questioning. And she's almost drowned in a sprinkler malfunction", "The Louvre, the most visited museum in the world (01.15)", "Culture – Could France sell the Mona Lisa to pay off its debts? In 2004–05, a conservation and study team replaced the maple crosspieces with sycamore ones, and an additional metal crosspiece was added for scientific measurement of the panel's warp. Subsequently, on 21 April 1974, while the painting was on display at the Tokyo National Museum, a woman sprayed it with red paint as a protest against that museum's failure to provide access for disabled people. Il a alors acquis une grande réputation. [74] [81] After having kept the Mona Lisa in his apartment for two years, Peruggia grew impatient and was caught when he attempted to sell it to Giovanni Poggi, director of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. [80] He carried out the theft by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet, and walking out with the painting hidden under his coat after the museum had closed. After going through the queue, a group has about 30 seconds to see the painting. 1506). Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda, a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. [33] The enigmatic woman is portrayed seated in what appears to be an open loggia with dark pillar bases on either side. [28] Zöllner notes that the sitter's general position can be traced back to Flemish models and that "in particular the vertical slices of columns at both sides of the panel had precedents in Flemish portraiture. The title of the painting, which is known in English as Mona Lisa, comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife. Domaine Dessin: Description Ready-made rectifié. Joconde is the central database created in 1975 and now available online, maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, for objects in the collections of the main French public and private museums listed as Musées de France, according to article L. 441-1 of the Code du patrimoine [3] amouting to more than 1,200 institutions.[4]. [118] Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple Mona Lisas, called Thirty Are Better than One, following the painting's visit to the United States in 1963. jours par Celette La Joconde Suivre cette page La Joconde La Joconde Artiste Léonard de Vinci Date Entre 1503 et 1506 Type Huile sur panneau de bois de peuplier Dimensions (H × L) 77 × 53 cm Localisation Musée du Louvre, Paris Propriétaire Propriété de l'État français, affecté à la collection du Département des peintures du Louvre. The work involved cleaning with spirits, touch-up of colour, and revarnishing the painting. Deux événements de la vie conjugale de Francesco del Giocondo et de Lisa Gherardini pourraient avoir suscité la réalisation de ce portrait : l'acquisition d'une … Il est 7 heure du matin, nous sommes le lundi 21 août 1911. After the second 1956 attack, restorer Jean-Gabriel Goulinat was directed to touch up the damage to Mona Lisa's left elbow with watercolour. Since then, bulletproof glass has been used to shield the painting from any further attacks. The title of the painting, which is known in English as Mona Lisa, comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife." The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelle… [121] [54][57][56][69] The hypothetical first portrait, displaying prominent columns, would have been commissioned by Giocondo circa 1503, and left unfinished in Leonardo's pupil and assistant Salaì's possession until his death in 1524. 1906. [116] According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face.[117]. Le tableau est vraisemblablement acheté par François Ierlui-même, qu… During the 20th century it was an object for mass reproduction, merchandising, lampooning and speculation, and was claimed to have been reproduced in "300 paintings and 2,000 advertisements". [3] It was kept at the Palace of Fontainebleau until Louis XIV moved it to the Palace of Versailles, where it remained until the French Revolution. Le voleur est un vitrier italien qui avait travaillé au Louvre lors de l'encadrement du tableau. "[110], By the early 20th century, some critics started to feel the painting had become a repository for subjective exegeses and theories. Pourquoi La Joconde a-t-elle une renommée mondiale aussi exceptionnelle, exprimant la peinture en général et l'idéal féminin en particulier ? "[63] Nevertheless, applications of varnish made to the painting had darkened even by the end of the 16th century, and an aggressive 1809 cleaning and revarnishing removed some of the uppermost portion of the paint layer, resulting in a washed-out appearance to the face of the figure. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. [55][56][57] Other later copies of the Mona Lisa, such as those in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and The Walters Art Museum, also display large flanking columns. In 1952, the varnish layer over the background in the painting was evened out. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and goatee. Léonard de Vinci peint le portrait de Mona Lisa ou La Joconde au début du XVIe siècle (entre 1503 et 1506 ou une dizaine d'année plus tard selon les historiens). Toutes les oeuvresTout voir; Par musée (204 696) Musée Carnavalet, Histoire de Paris (42 888) Palais Galliera, musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris (42 561) Petit Palais, musée des Beaux-arts de la Ville de Paris (18 155) Maison de Victor Hugo - Hauteville House (9 938) Musée d’Art moderne de Paris (4 641) Musée de la Libération de Paris - musée du Général Leclerc - musée Jean Moulin Both Vasari and Gian Paolo Lomazzo describe the subject as smiling,[12][95] unlike the subject in Cotte's supposed portrait. [63], The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the Mona Lisa was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari),[12] is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa (mona being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects), but this is rare in English. Since the museums participate on a voluntary basis to the regular enrichment of the database, some can present a large part of their collection, while others appear only because of the mere permanent deposits made by the first ones. Si la Joconde a été peinte en Italie entre 1503 et 1506, elle quittera son pays d'origine avec son créateur pour suivre François Ier, de passage dans le pays en raison des guerres d'Italie. "[12][13] Mona in Italian is a polite form of address originating as ma donna – similar to Ma'am, Madam, or my lady in English. [21] Several other women have been proposed as the subject of the painting. When an object created after the 19th century has no image this is most often for copyright reasons. L'histoire de La Joconde demeure obscure : ni l'identité du modèle, ni la commande du portrait, ni le temps pendant lequel Léonard y travailla, voire le conserva, ni encore les circonstances de son entrée dans la collection royale française ne sont des faits clairement établis. La Joconde. bibliographie. Raphael's Young Woman with Unicorn, c. 1506, Raphael's Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–15), Le rire (The Laugh) by Eugène Bataille, or Sapeck (1883), Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), oil on canvas, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Marguerite Agniel "As Mona Lisa" by Robert Henri, c. 1929, Today the Mona Lisa is considered the most famous painting in the world, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks. Qu'est-ce qui constitue l'attirance de ce tableau ? La Joconde fit dès lors partie des collections royales pour être exposée au château de Versailles pendant le règne de Louis XIV. Secteur de collection It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. In the mid-18th century to early 19th century, two butterfly-shaped walnut braces were inserted into the back of the panel to a depth of about one third the thickness of the panel. Certains spécialistes annoncent une date comprise entre 1503 et 1506, d’autres l’attribuent à une période plus tardive, allant de 1513 à 1519. [13] In 1516, Leonardo was invited by King Francis I to work at the Clos Lucé near the Château d'Amboise; it is believed that he took the Mona Lisa with him and continued to work on it after he moved to France. [106][107], The Mona Lisa began influencing contemporary Florentine painting even before its completion. L’œuvre est une peinture à l'huile sur un panneau de bois de peuplier, mesurant 77 × 53 cm. [19] The Italian name for the painting, La Gioconda, means 'jocund' ('happy' or 'jovial') or, literally, 'the jocund one', a pun on the feminine form of Lisa's married name, Giocondo. [147], Copy of Mona Lisa commonly attributed to Salaì, 16th-century copy at the Hermitage by unknown artist, This article is about the painting. [63], In 1977, a new insect infestation was discovered in the back of the panel as a result of crosspieces installed to keep the painting from warping. Because of the way the human eye processes visual information, it is less suited to pick up shadows directly; however, peripheral vision can pick up shadows well. Il est d’usage de parler de la Joconde comme d’une œuvre que Léonard de Vinciinvité par le roi François Ier aurait amenée avec lui en France. La Joconde Nue, un dessin conservé au musée Condé de Chantilly, a été présenté par certains comme un double de La Joconde, de Leonard de Vinci, mais rien ne le confirme. [8], The painting is probably of the Italian noblewoman Lisa Gherardini,[9] the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. Forger Yves Chaudron was to have created six copies of the painting to sell in the US while concealing the location of the original. [105], On the 500th anniversary of the master's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of Da Vinci works, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. [90], In the early 21st century, French scientist Pascal Cotte hypothesized a hidden portrait underneath the surface of the painting. [36] Cotte discovered the painting had been reworked several times, with changes made to the size of the Mona Lisa's face and the direction of her gaze. Il peindra à la même époque Saint Jean-Baptiste, Sainte-Anne. Mais il ne l’a certainement jamais eu en sa possession. analyse d'un tableau : la Joconde . Leonardo has chosen to place the horizon line not at the neck, as he did with Ginevra de' Benci, but on a level with the eyes, thus linking the figure with the landscape and emphasizing the mysterious nature of the painting. About this we are now certain. [114][115], The avant-garde art world has made note of the Mona Lisa's undeniable popularity.